Street Experiments as Transformative Planning Tools: Contrasting Adaptive Approaches towards Urban Livability and Sustainable Urban Mobility

Abstract

To improve livability and sustainable mobility functions of urban street space, municipalities may implement street experiments. Respective temporary interventions can help to accelerate transformations, broaden public involvement, facilitate social and institutional learning, and strengthen adaptive capacity. To support the integration of such experiments as transformative planning tools, this thesis presents a comparative case study contrasting viable approaches. Reviewing literature, planning guidelines, and documents, two experimental strategies were identified which expand on existing typologies: Temporary street use actions which promote flexibility and diversity of spatial uses, and phase 0 actions which facilitate permanent reconstruction through on-site design iterations. Based on a broad set of reference cases, thematic types of temporary street use (street events, periodic pop-up street uses, interim street uses) and phase 0 actions (selective street improvements, corridor planning, neighborhood planning) were established. Three in-depth case studies involving interviews with planners were conducted to understand the shifting roles of municipal planning (promoter, partner, enabler) and associated roles of planners during implementation of these different types of actions: First, community-run temporary play streets in Berlin (periodic pop-use). Second, Malmö’s summer streets as collaborative effort between administration and local initiatives (interim use). Third, Low Traffic Neighborhood (LTN) trials in Hackney, London (neighborhood planning). The comparative study illustrates potential merits and challenges associated with these different types of actions. For a truly adaptive planning approach, street experiments should be implemented within a strategic framework. To varying extents, this includes clear objectives, adequate allocation of staff and time to prepare, an engagement and communications strategy as well as systematic evaluations. This thesis focuses on the municipal perspective on planning and implementation. Tailoring project design to local needs requires an understanding of who benefits from street experiments. Future research should thus study their social impacts and seek out perspectives of diverse groups.